Miguel Torga
Miguel Torga (review article)
Torga, twice nominated for the Nobel Prize was undoubtedly one of the great writers of our century. He once said ‘the universal is the local without walls’ and although his short stories are set in the rugged mountains of Trás-os-Montes in the Portuguese Northland they transcend narrow geography with their subject matter — human beings and the emotions that drive them, the love and hatred, courage and fear, the greed and (sometimes) the generosity of spirit. Torga writes with the passion of a casino player, and the truth of a child. Read singly the stories are striking, together the effect is stunning.
Although they could be classed as part of the literature of social protest they avoid the flat, proselytizing tone associated with some Portuguese Neo-Realist works. Torga wrote that four decades of an oppressive regime had disfigured the landscape of his country, in human as much as in physical terms. As a result of his critical stance he was arrested and imprisoned and his work banned. While he undoubtedly loved his homeland and respected its people, warts and all, he was far more ambivalent about the forces of law and authority, amongst whom he included the Church, although for a writer who rejected religion he used many religious images and symbols.
These Tales from the Mountain are told from the point of view of an omniscient ‘outside’ narrator. Given Torga’s own medical background, the obvious analogy is with the doctor who steps back to make a diagnosis and them comes forward with a cure. Compassion balances detachment and he doesn’t hesitate to present human conduct in all its ugliness as when the villagers burn Julião alive in the story 'The Leper'. Torga doesn’t stand in judgment but leaves the reader to draw his own conclusions.
Much of Torga’s writing has a filmic quality and in fact 'The Leper' was turned into a short film. His cinemaesque technique is seen too in the opening paragraphs of Fronteira with the frontier village silhouetted against a twilight sky and coming to life as darkness falls. The narrator is the eye of the camera, focusing on particular characters and events just as a director would select shots, angles and lighting set-ups. Torga alternates wide pans of village and mountains with close-ups of its inhabitants — a community of smugglers setting off on their clandestine business. He even ‘cuts’ back and forth between different individuals to reinforce the point that the village of Fronteira (= Frontier) is a collective protagonist, where the villagers act as one.
Fronteira has all the usual Torga ingredients; birth and death — through violence rather than old age — religious symbolism, healthy sexual desire and an underlying criticism of a society that does nothing to alleviate poverty and deprivation. There is also humour as when we see Isabel the smuggler-heroine of the piece looking more like a woman off to launder a load of nappies while the trigger-happy national guardsman Robalo, first described a mastiff on the prowl, dogged and persistent falls for her like a ton of bricks and ends up joining the bad guys himself.
Torga gives his characters an authentic voice, rendering popular speech with its proverbs and archaic rural usage. His great readability comes from showing the whole community, male and female, young and old, as characters transcending the stereotypical, formed and deformed by a harsh environment but often rising above it with courage and dignity.
Pat Odber in Babel Guide to the Fiction of Portugal
Link to biography
Miguel Torga The Creation, The Sixth Day 196-7
Keywords:
Peaceful village Life
Tras Os Montes region
Hunting in Portugal
Bizarre rural behaviour
Cruelty to dogs
Village idiots
For a few years I was able devotedly to take health and hope to many homes. At the same time I relished the peace of village life. Often I had dinner at Augusto's, played cards at Raimundo's shop and went hunting with them and Dionisio, a consummate master in this art. We went to fetch him at dawn when he would stick his nose outside the window 'checking out the stars' as he'd say and if they were favourable, he would dress and come down to meet us. He was a very superstitious man, spoke in aphorisms and through metaphors, preferred others to beat the partridges for him, but filled the hours with wit and picturesque sayings. He invariably brought the same lunch: bread and raw sausage which he would roast out in the countryside. He would light a fire, wrap the delicacy in a cabbage leaf, brown it in the heat and chew it at his leisure, telling his amusing tales all the while. One day at Monte de Vez when he started the ritual, the bitch he kept on a near starvation diet, in a surprise leap gobbled down his sausage in one bite. Reacting instantly, Dionisio had the animal by its hind legs, stood up and started using her as a flail against the ground. He flailed so hard that the poor animal was forced to vomit up the mouthful she had swallowed whole. Dionisio picked up the sausage, washed it, rinsed it, put in back on the fire and ate it with relish while we wept with laughter.
Miguel Torga The Creation, The Sixth Day 395
Keywords:
Coimbra described
River Mondego
Coimbra's provincial pretentiousness

With their high, wide glass panes, the windows in my new office were like two wide open eyes overlooking the small garden square to which the bronze statue lent a kind of metallic stillness. On the right stood the pale facade of the Bank of Portugal, the clock on top striking the sleepy hours; on the left, the old iron bridge crossing the white ribbon of the sandbar where the Mondego river wound thin and indolent; and directly in front, the green view of the rural horizon was a bucolic pasture feeding my imagination. Idle pigeons swayed voluptuously on the electricity cables or perched grooming themselves on the street lamps. Traffic sounds ebbed and flowed in alternate waves. The city's emblem, drawn with polychromatic dwarf plants in a grassy flower bed, welcomed strangers.
I was back in Coimbra once again, with its esoteric light, its lyrical grace and its provincial academic pretentiousness symbolised by the University's campanile proudly lifted against the pale blue sky.
Miguel Torga The Creation, The Sixth Day 401
Keywords:
Writing about animals
Incorruptible Animal nature
Sincerity of animals
Against speciesism
My first attempts were a resounding failure. Accustomed to human insincerity, my mind stumbled on the sincerity of animals. Once at liberty, and with much persistence, in two or three cases I thought I had managed to make a purely instinctual existence seem plausible. A frog attuned to the germinal silence of sap, a cicada singing madly in her final metamorphosis, the cackle of a blackbird filling a restless feminine heart with hope. With growing confidence I went on. I had always been sensitive to the infinite variations of form of which protoplasm is capable. I had also been aware of the irreducible individuality in the appearance and, above all, in the behaviour of each and every one of these variations. An ill-fated crow cawing ominously in a deserted place, a sensual rooster ruling the roost or a glassy-eyed cat disdainfully considering the rest of the world, were not in any way inferior in character to the human animal. With the additional merit of remaining entirely themselves, without the misfortune of committing the crime of deviating from their nature. True, they did not act through conscious deliberation. Independent of any ethical principles, the truth is, although obeying an inner drive, they never intentionally betrayed themselves. Behind their attacks no one could find any motives other than hunger or the defence of their lairs. Even when domesticated and driven, however, the corrupting impulse could not entirely erase their innate purity ready to show itself from the first. I tried to make this incorruptible essence as obvious and convincing as possible in the portrayals I made of it.

